Kipp+-+Anthropology


 * What is forensic anthropology?**

It is the study of human bones to determine the identity of the bones.


 * What can you learn from anthropology?**

measurements of skull and pelvis
 * __Sex/race__**

__**Age**__ Check teeth and measure jawbone.

__**Stature**__ Stature is determined using the another type of formula called "Regression Formula for Estimating Maximum Living Stature (with standard errors) from Maximum Long Bone Length" of the Humerus. Optimally, the Forensic Anthropologist will have all 6 upper long bones and all 6 lower long bones. Using the average of both right and left humeri, both right and left ulnae and both right and left radii, along with the average of both right and left tibia, both right and left fibulae and both right and left femurs, including the standard error, one can arrive at a fairly accurate estimation of height. This range is then used to estimate weight. An osteometric board is used for obtaining precise measurements of the long bones. Weight is a function of the stature determination. The end result will be a range of heights and weights based on the average standard error.

3.26 x (humerus) + 62.10 = stature +/-4.43cm 3.42 x (radius) + 81.56 = stature +/-4.30 3.26 x (ulna) + 78.29 = stature +/-4.42 (there will be 2 calculations for stature, based on the upper and lower standard of error) Wt (in lbs) = 4.4 x (stature in inches) - 143 (there will be 2 calculations for weight, based on the upper and lower standard of error) (http://www.anthro4n6.net/forensics/)
 * __Stature__**
 * __Weight__**

__**Time of Death**__ Bones do not deteriorate well but there are ways to measure TOD.

3 weeks -- articulated bones 5 weeks -- some scatter, some articulated 4 months -- disarticulated, within 10' circle 7 to 8 months -- most bones w/in 10' circle and all w/in 20' 1 year -- small bones missing, complete disarticulation 2 to 4 years -- some bones broken, scatterd 40', some large bones missing 12+ years -- bone rot; partial burial* 15 to 20 years -- no surface evidence
 * partial burial from leaves, storms, erosion from shallow burial